Home-Based Indoor Physical Activity Programs for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

CONTEXT: Home-based exercise programs are a good strategy to promote benefits to health for people who cannot visit gyms, clinics, or have limited time for physical activity outside. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the effect of home-based indoor physical activity on psychosocial outcomes and mobility in community-dwelling older adults. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 11 studies (13 publications) were included involving a total of 1004 older adults. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted using the aforementioned 7 databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and determined the risk of bias and evidence level using the Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (GRADE) guidelines. We conducted a synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) to assess the outcome. RESULTS: There is moderately certain evidence that home-based exercise programs reduced the fear of falling. Psychosocial (mental health and quality of life) and mobility outcomes may improve after participating in the intervention inside the home. CONCLUSION: The review found very low to certain evidence that home-based exercises programs improved psychosocial outcomes (mental health and quality of life) and walking speed (mobility). Moderately certain evidence suggests that home-based exercises improved fear of falling. PROTOCOL REGISTER NUMBER: CRD42020182008.

Feasibility and effect of high-intensity training on the progression of motor symptoms in adult individuals with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To determine the feasibility and effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with Parkinson's and their effect on symptom modification and progression. METHODS: We conducted this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). All studies were searched in seven databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCOPUS in September 2020 and updated in June 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models, as well as the non-parametric Cochran's Q test and I2 inconsistency test to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 15 randomized clinical trials with 654 participants (mean age, 65.4 years). The majority of studies included high intensity training interventions versus moderate intensity, usual care, or control group. The meta-analysis comparing high-intensity exercise versus control group showed an improvement in the disease severity (MD = -4.80 [95%CI, -6.38; -3.21 high evidence certainty); maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 1.81 [95%CI, 0.36; 3.27] very low evidence certainty) and quality of life (MD = -0.54 [95%CI, -0.94; -0.13] moderate evidence certainty). The results showed that high-intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise group showed a improve motor function and functional mobility measured by the TUG test (MD = -0.38 [95%CI, -0.91; 0.16] moderate evidence certainty) with moderate heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION: High-intensity exercise performed in both continuous and interval modes when compared with control groups may provide motor function benefits for individuals with Parkinson's disease. HIIT may be feasible, but the intensity of the exercise may influence individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, there was a lack of evidence comparing high intensity and moderate intensity for this population, as the results showed heterogeneity.

The Role of Extracellular Traps in HIV Infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still an important public health problem, which justifies the research of new therapies to combat it. Recent studies show that Extracellular Traps (ETs) are cellular mechanisms useful in the capture and destruction of some viruses, such as the HIV. Here, we show that neutrophils from peripheral blood, genital tissues, and placenta are activated when exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). The NETs can capture, neutralize, and inactivate the virus and, also, protect other target cells from HIV infection, as long as the DNA and other constituents of the NETs remain intact. Further, the review indicates that the immunoprotective role of NETs in the context of HIV-1 infection is a promising finding for the development of new antiviral therapies. It is necessary, however, the development of studies that evaluate the tissue injury that NETs can cause and the biological relationships with other cells to improve them as therapeutic targets.

Performance of postural balance in children and adolescents living with and without HIV.

RESEARCH QUESTION: The present study aimed to compare the postural control of children and adolescents with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). METHODS: A total of 32 children and adolescents (18 with HIV and 14 without) of both sexes, aged 6-18 years, were included in the present study. Participants in the HIV + group were infected through vertical transmission and received antiretroviral therapy. Participants maintained an erect, bipedal posture in the following conditions: with vision, without vision, and on a foam base. RESULTS: Concerning the evaluation of time variables, higher values ​​were observed in the HIV + group for mean anterior-posterior (AP) velocity, mean medial-lateral (ML) velocity, AP perimeter (p = 0.001), and ML perimeter (p = 0.001). Concerning the evaluation of conditions, a difference was observed in the mean AP mean sway amplitude (MSA) (p = 0.039), as the AP MSA was lower with vision than without vision or with foam. Concerning the evaluation of spectral domain variables, higher values ​​were observed in the HIV+ group for the predominant ML frequency (p = 0.04) and mean AP (p = 0.001) and ML frequencies (p = 0.001). Regarding the evaluation of conditions, a difference was found only in the predominant AP frequency (p = 0.001). Higher values ​​were found in the closed eye condition than in with foam (Δ = +103 %). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that children and adolescents living with HIV have poorer postural control performance than those without HIV.

Physical Activity and Bone Health in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Research on osteoporosis and physical activity often focuses on women. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of physical activity interventions for men's bone health. METHODS: We used standard methods and searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (duration, ≥6 months) published in all languages across multiple databases and trial registries. The last search was conducted on July 22, 2020. RESULTS: We included 11 studies (14 publications), resulting in a sample of N=723 men (range, 17-132 participants). We found low-certainty evidence that physical activity has little influence on the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the total hip (5 RCTs, N=324; mean difference [MD], 0.03 [95 confidence interval (CI), 0.01 to 0.05]) and little or no influence on the aBMD at the femoral neck (3 RCTs, N=186; MD, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.04]), lumbar spine (3 RCTs; N=213; MD, 0.05 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.11]), and whole body (4 RCTs, N=203; MD, -0.00 [95% CI, -0.03 to 0.02]). CONCLUSIONS: We found low-certainty evidence that physical activity (≥6 months) has some effect on the total hip in men, but new evidence may change this finding. This review highlights the gap in the evidence on specific intervention prescriptions that can benefit the bone geometry, structure, microarchitecture, and, ultimately, bone strength in men. Future research should engage in comprehensive reporting of harms, quality of life outcomes, advanced imaging findings, and long-term interventions.

Active Video Games for Improving Mental Health and Physical Fitness-An Alternative for Children and Adolescents during Social Isolation: An Overview.

The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the effects of active video games (AVGs) on mental health, physical fitness and body composition of children and adolescents. A search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed; MEDLINE (by Ovid); SportDiscus, Cochrane library systematic reviews (CENTRAL) and EMBASE with no language restrictions during October 2020. Reviews on the use of AVGs were included in the study. We use the AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) scale to analyze the methodological quality of the studies. Seventeen systematic reviews and meta-analyzes were included on the effects of AVGs with 30 to 4728 children and adolescents of both sexes with ages ranging from 6 to 19 years. In five studies, the population was overweight or obese. Regarding the quality, 12 studies were of moderate quality, two had high quality, two had low quality and one showed very low quality. The analyzed data indicate that the use of AVGs with a frequency of 1 to 3 times a week with durations of between 10 and 90 min per day shows positive effects on mental health and physical functioning. There was moderate quality evidence that AVGs can result in benefits for self-esteem, increased energy expenditure, physical activity and reduced body mass index in children and adolescents who used AVGs in the home environment. Further research is needed on this tool to help in the process of social isolation and consequently in promoting health and well-being.

Effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic parameters and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar (advanced feature) up to September 2020. Two authors independently screened citations and determined the risk of bias and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects model. RESULTS: Seven trials (n = 423) were included in the systematic review. The studies included HIIT interventions vs. moderate exercise or control groups. Most studies were small (average 32, range 24-110 participants) and of relatively short duration (10-16 weeks). The training intensity was performed between 90% and 95% of the maximum heart rate, three times a week, for at least 10 weeks. Insulin resistance, measured using homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) showed a significant decrease (MD -0.57; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.16, p = 0.01), (MD -1.90, 95% CI -3.37, -0.42, p = 0.01) with moderate and high certainty of evidence, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results support that HIIT alone is effective for reducing HOMA-IR and BMI in women with PCOS. However, evidence is limited to discern the effect of HIIT on other outcomes. Future studies with a longer duration (> 16 weeks), larger sample sizes and other outcomes are needed.

A comparative analysis of physical fitness of children and adolescents with HIV infection: A systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: The impaired physical capacity of children and adolescents with HIV can directly influence their physical performance, activities of daily living and social participation. The purpose of this systematic review protocol is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on physical fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, flexibility, strength, and muscular endurance) in children and adolescents with HIV, compared with healthy controls. METHODS: We will be following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocol (PRISMA-P) statement guidelines. There will be cross-sectional, longitudinal and case-controlled studies, and there will be no restrictions on language and year of publication in the search. The search strategy will be to use databases including: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus and CINAHL; The MeSH terms will be: physical fitness, fitness trackers, agility, flexibility, physical endurance, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, children, and adolescents, to discuss and compare physical fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, flexibility, strength, and muscular endurance) in children and adolescents with HIV and healthy control. The reviewers will independently read the articles, extract the data information and analyze the risk of bias using the Cochrane criteria for observational studies. The Cohen's will be used to calculate the agreement between the revisions. RESULTS: This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of observational studies on the analysis and comparison of physical fitness in children and adolescents with HIV compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION: This systematic review will be very important for the creation of proposals aimed at providing high quality subsidies in the management of HIV during the development phase of children and adolescents. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required because individual patient data and privacy were not involved in this study. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019140955. PROSPERO REGISTRATION DATE: 23/09/2019.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS.

INTRODUCTION: Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.

Lifestyle and sleep patterns among people living with and without HIV/AIDS

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Negative lifestyles affect the health and quality of sleep of those living with and without HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Individuals were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were living with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Among the 20 participants, 95% displayed a poor lifestyle, and both groups demonstrated low-quality sleep with significant differences between groups in the early sleep variables, total sleep time, and sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups demonstrated similar behavior with unsatisfactory lifestyles, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep patterns.